The cowtail ray (Aetomylaeus bovinus), also known as the "bovine ray," is a fascinating cartilaginous fish found predominantly in the Mediterranean and along the eastern Atlantic coasts. Recently, marine biologists have highlighted its critical ecological role and raised concerns about its vulnerable status due to various anthropogenic threats.
This species features a distinctive rounded snout and a color palette ranging from dark gray to brown, often adorned with spots that enhance its camouflage against the seafloor. Cowtail rays primarily inhabit sandy or muddy bottoms, where they can effectively hunt and hide from predators.
Recent studies have revealed that the cowtail ray is primarily benthic, spending much of its time at depths of up to 100 meters, though some have been sighted deeper. Their diet mainly consists of benthic organisms such as crustaceans and small fish, which they capture using powerful jaws adapted for crushing hard shells.
Despite its ecological importance, the cowtail ray is classified as "critically endangered" on the IUCN Red List, with local populations declining due to overfishing and habitat loss. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this species, emphasizing its role in maintaining marine ecosystem balance.