China has successfully launched its fifth Gaofen-12 satellite, further expanding its national Earth observation system. The Long March 4C rocket lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on October 17, 2024, at 7:45 p.m. local time, confirming the satellite's entry into its designated orbit.
The Gaofen-12 (05) satellite will join its predecessors in a sun-synchronous orbit approximately 630 kilometers above Earth, contributing to the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS). This system aims to provide continuous, all-weather Earth observation capabilities using various imaging technologies, including optical and synthetic aperture radar.
Chinese state media indicated that Gaofen-12 (05) will support diverse applications such as land surveys, urban planning, crop yield estimation, and disaster relief. However, the lack of detailed information about its capabilities raises questions about potential military applications.
This launch marks China's 49th orbital attempt in 2024, following the deployment of additional satellites for the Qianfan communications megaconstellation, which aims to establish a network of around 14,000 satellites in low Earth orbit.
Looking ahead, China is preparing for the Shenzhou-19 crewed mission to the Tiangong space station, set for later this month, as it continues to advance its space exploration ambitions.