In 2024, Earth is likely to break records for the hottest year ever, surpassing 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming above pre-industrial averages for the first time, according to the European climate agency Copernicus. Carlo Buontempo, director of Copernicus, expressed concern over the relentless nature of this warming, attributing the long sequence of record temperatures to the continuous rise of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Factors such as El Niño, volcanic eruptions, and solar energy variations contribute to these exceptionally warm years. However, scientists warn that the long-term increase in temperatures poses a significant threat to the climate. The impending COP29 climate conference in Azerbaijan aims to address these issues and explore funding for a transition to cleaner energy sources.
In Brazil, the frequency of heat waves has increased dramatically, with the number of hot days rising from an average of seven per year between 1961 and 1990 to around 52 days from 2011 to 2020. This warming trend exacerbates droughts in the Northeast and Amazon regions while causing intense rainfall and flooding in the South and Southeast.
The report highlights that by 2050, a 2-degree Celsius rise could lead to catastrophic losses in Amazon rainforest cover, affecting water access and food security for millions. It emphasizes the urgent need for Brazil to halt deforestation and adopt sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
To combat these challenges, the report calls for a concerted effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency, and invest in renewable energy sources. Additionally, enhancing public transportation and green infrastructure in urban areas is vital for building resilience against climate impacts.
As global temperatures continue to rise, the report stresses that immediate and ambitious actions are essential for a sustainable future for both Brazil and the planet.