A comprehensive report from the New South Wales (NSW) Health Expert Advisory Panel on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has concluded that health effects associated with exposure to these chemicals are likely minimal. The panel, comprising leading experts in medical and scientific fields, has recommended against routine individual blood testing for PFAS, citing a lack of predictive value and challenges in interpreting results.
Convened by NSW Health and advising the Chief Health Officer, Dr. Kerry Chant, the panel assessed extensive research from Australian and global sources. Their findings indicate that while the body of research on PFAS health effects is substantial and growing, the impacts appear to be small and generally within normal population ranges. This assessment aligns with broader scientific understanding, which suggests that while associations between PFAS exposure and certain biological effects exist, such as altered cholesterol levels and immune function indicators, there is limited evidence of significant human disease or clinically significant harm at current exposure levels in Australia. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has also noted that while some PFAS have been linked to potential carcinogenicity, bone marrow effects, and thyroid issues in animal studies, the overall evidence for human disease from exposure is limited.
The panel's caution extends to clinical interventions aimed at reducing PFAS levels in the blood, stating that their benefits are uncertain and may potentially cause harm. This pragmatic approach underscores the importance of evidence-based medical practice, emphasizing that interventions should only be pursued when their efficacy and safety are clearly established. Furthermore, the report highlights that the conditions necessary for conducting reliable epidemiological studies to definitively assess PFAS clinical effects in NSW communities are not currently met, acknowledging the complexities in isolating the impact of PFAS amidst numerous other environmental and lifestyle factors that can influence health outcomes.
In response to these findings, NSW Health has accepted all panel recommendations, which include enhancing communication strategies to better support communities and clinicians. This focus on clear and accurate information dissemination is crucial for managing public concern and ensuring that individuals receive guidance grounded in the latest scientific understanding. The panel also noted that all public drinking water supplies across NSW currently meet the updated NHMRC guidelines for PFAS, which were revised in June 2025 to reflect stricter health-based values. While the panel advises against routine blood testing, they recommend that if a healthcare provider does order such a test, clear contextual information about its limitations should be provided to the patient. They also suggest that doctors can support patients concerned about PFAS by focusing on general preventative health measures, as many health conditions potentially associated with PFAS are common and linked to well-established risk factors. This approach empowers individuals to focus on actionable steps for overall well-being, rather than solely on the presence of a specific chemical marker.