The water crisis in Kabul, Afghanistan, presents a significant threat to the health and safety of its residents. Groundwater levels have declined by up to 30 meters over the past decade, with water extraction exceeding natural replenishment by approximately 44 million cubic meters annually. This unsustainable trend could lead to the depletion of Kabul's aquifers by 2030, potentially displacing millions of people.
Nearly half of Kabul's boreholes, the primary source of drinking water, have dried up. Additionally, up to 80% of the remaining groundwater is contaminated with sewage, salinity, and arsenic, posing serious health risks, particularly for children and the elderly. The lack of access to safe water has already forced the closure of schools and healthcare centers in several areas.
The crisis is exacerbated by rapid population growth, with Kabul's population increasing from less than one million in 2001 to over six million today. This surge has placed immense pressure on the city's water infrastructure, which was not designed to accommodate such a large population. Climate change has also played a role, with reduced snowfall and erratic rainfall patterns diminishing the natural replenishment of groundwater sources.
In response to the crisis, experts have called for immediate action, including the development of water infrastructure projects such as the Panjshir Water Transfer Project, which aims to supply potable water to millions of Kabul residents. However, these initiatives face challenges due to funding shortages and political complexities.
The situation demands comprehensive and coordinated efforts to address the water scarcity, ensure access to safe drinking water, and protect the health and well-being of Kabul's residents.